The Taiping Rebellion was a war for China, a religious kingdom, a state-building experiment, and one of the great catastrophes of the nineteenth century. It began in the hills and market towns of Guangxi, moved down the Yangzi River, seized Nanjing, and forced the Qing dynasty to rebuild its military system around provincial armies.
The Taiping leaders promised a world ruled by the Heavenly Father, organized around a new sacred capital called Tianjing, and cleansed of Manchu rule, idolatry, opium, prostitution, and social inequality. The Qing court answered with imperial armies, local militia, provincial commanders, and eventually foreign-supported forces around Shanghai and the lower Yangzi.
The war killed or displaced millions, ruined cities and villages, changed Qing politics, and gave later Chinese political movements a usable and contested past. Some later writers treated the Taiping as peasant revolutionaries. Others saw them as Christian heretics, anti-Manchu rebels, state-builders, local destroyers, or tragic utopians. This wiki keeps those interpretations visible, but the main story follows people, decisions, institutions, battles, and consequences.
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- Taiping Rebellion / 太平天国运动
- Origins of the Rebellion
- Hong Xiuquan / 洪秀全
- God Worshipping Society / 拜上帝会
- Taiping Heavenly Kingdom / 太平天国
- Tianjing / 天京
- Qing Counterinsurgency
- Collapse and Aftermath
Narrative chapters
- Before 1850
- From Jintian to Nanjing
- Tianjing Years
- Internal Crisis and Partial Revival
- Qing Recovery
- Final Campaigns
Origins and Religion
- Hong Xiuquan / 洪秀全
- Feng Yunshan / 冯云山
- Yang Xiuqing / 杨秀清
- Wei Changhui / 韦昌辉
- Shi Dakai / 石达开
- Hong Rengan / 洪仁玕
- God Worshipping Society / 拜上帝会
- Taiping Ideology and Religion
- Hakka Background / 客家背景
- Missionary Sources / 传教士来源
Taiping State
- Taiping Heavenly Kingdom / 太平天国
- Tianjing / 天京
- Land System
- New Treatise / 资政新篇
- Civil Administration
- Military Organization
- Economy and Taxation
- Gender and Family Policy
- Taiping Law and Discipline / 太平天国的法律与纪律
- Taiping Calendar
- Tianjing: Urban Geography
War and Campaigns
- Campaigns Overview
- Jintian Uprising
- Guangxi Campaigns and the Yong'an Period
- Siege of Changsha, 1852
- Northern Expedition
- Western Campaigns
- Tianjing Incident
- Battle of Sanhe, 1858
- Anqing / 安慶
- Shanghai and Lower Yangzi
- Suzhou Campaign and Surrender Massacre, 1863
- Chen Yucheng / 陈玉成
- Li Xiucheng / 李秀成
- Collapse and Aftermath
- Taiping-Nian Connection, 1853-1868
Qing Response
- Qing Counterinsurgency
- Qing Commanders at War
- Zeng Guofan / 曾国藩
- Li Hongzhang / 李鸿章
- Xiang Army / 湘军
- Huai Army / 淮军
- Ever-Victorious Army
- Foreign Relations and Intervention
Aftermath and Memory
- Casualties, Famine, and Displacement
- Reconstruction
- Historiography
- Political Memory
- Thematic Essay: Avoiding Reduction
- Thematic Essay: Classification Debate
- Thematic Essay: Jiangnan Experience
- Thematic Essay: Later Interpretations
- Thematic Essay: Practice vs. Program
- Thematic Essay: Why the Qing Won
- Thematic Essay: Religious Language
- Thematic Essay: Why Nanjing, Not a State
- Thematic Essay: Xiang and Huai Power
Reference
- Chronology
- Glossary
- Chinese Terms / 中文术语
- Translated Primary Passages / 原始文献翻译
- Major Leaders
- Major Texts
- Major Campaigns and Battles
- Maps, Data, and Visual References
- Military Organizations
- Foreign Actors
- Regions Affected
- Casualty Estimates
- Key Controversies